Article 1 These Provisions are formulated in accordance with the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on International Maritime Transportation (hereinafter referred to as the Maritime Transportation Regulations) and the relevant laws and administrative regulations of the People’s Republic of China on foreign investment, for the purposes of regulating the establishment of foreign-funded enterprises by foreign investors to engage in international maritime transportation business and auxiliary business relating thereto and safeguarding the lawful rights and interests of Chinese and foreign investors.
Article 2 These Provisions are applicable to the investment in and operation of international maritime transportation business and auxiliary businesses relating thereto (hereinafter referred to as international maritime transportation) by foreign investors within the territory of China.
Article 3 The Ministry of Communications and the Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China as well as their authorized agencies are responsible for the approval and administration of the establishment of foreign-funded enterprises within the territory of the People’s Republic of China by foreign investors to engage in international maritime transportation.
Article 4 With the approval of the Ministry of Communications and the Ministry of Commerce, a foreign investor may invest in and operate international maritime transportation in the following forms:
(1) to establish a Chinese-foreign equity joint venture or a Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture to engage in international shipping services, international shipping agency services, international ship management services, loading and unloading of international shipments and international maritime container freight station and container yard services;
(2) to establish a Chinese-foreign equity joint venture, a Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture or a wholly foreign-owned enterprise to engage in international maritime cargo warehousing services;
(3) to establish a Chinese-foreign equity joint venture, a Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture or a wholly foreign-owned enterprise to offer routine services for the vessels owned or operated by the investor.
Article 5 A foreign-funded international shipping enterprise to be established shall meet the following conditions:
(1) having vessels suitable for employment in international maritime transportation, among which there must be vessels of Chinese nationality;
(2) vessels under employment shall be in compliance with the technical standards for maritime traffic safety as set forth by the State;
(3) having bills of lading, passenger tickets or multimodal transportation documents;
(4) having senior executives with the professional qualifications as set forth by the Ministry of Communications;
(5) in case of establishing a Chinese-foreign equity joint venture or a Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture, the proportion of investment made by foreign investors shall not exceed 49%;
(6) the chairperson of the board of directors and the general manager shall be appointed by the Chinese side after consultation between the both sides;
(7) other conditions specified by laws or administrative regulations.
Article 6 Where anyone is to establish a foreign-funded enterprise to engage in international shipping services, it shall firstly make an application to the Ministry of Communications in accordance with the provisions of the Maritime Transportation Regulations and the Implementing Rules of the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on International Maritime Transportation (hereinafter referred to as the Implementing Rules of the Maritime Transportation Regulations); if such application is approved by the Ministry of Communications, the applicant shall, in accordance with the laws and administrative regulations on foreign investment of the State and on the strength of the approval document issued by the Ministry of Communications, go through the approval procedures for establishing a foreign-funded enterprise with the Ministry of Commerce by submitting the documents specified in Article 15 of these Provisions and obtain the Approval Certificate for Foreign-funded Enterprise.
The applicant shall, by presenting the approval document issued by the Ministry of Communications, the Approval Certificate for Foreign-funded Enterprise issued by the Ministry of Commerce and other relevant documents, go through the industrial and commercial registration formalities with the administrative department for industry and commerce according to law and obtain the business license.
After the establishment of a foreign-funded international shipping enterprise, the applicant shall, by presenting the business license issued by the administrative department for industry and commerce, apply to the Ministry of Communications for obtaining the Permit for Operation of International Shipping Services. Only those that have obtained such Permit may engage international shipping services.
Article 7 A foreign-funded international shipping agency enterprise to be established shall meet the following conditions:
(1) having at least two senior executives with no less than three years’ experience in international maritime transportation business operations. The term “senior executives” refers to Chinese citizens who have secondary or higher technical or academic titles and serve as department managers or above in enterprises engaging in international maritime transportation business or the auxiliary business relating thereto;
(2) having a fixed place of business and necessary business facilities, including the ability to have electronic data interchange (EDI) with ports, the Customs and other departments;
(3) in case of establishing a Chinese-foreign equity joint venture or a Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture, the proportion of investment made by foreign investors shall not exceed 49%;
(4) other conditions specified by laws or administrative regulations.
Article 8 Where anyone is to establish a foreign-funded enterprise to engage in international shipping agency services, it shall firstly make an application to the Ministry of Communications in accordance with the provisions of the Maritime Transportation Regulations and the Implementing Rules of the Maritime Transportation Regulations; if such application is approved by the Ministry of Communications, the applicant shall, in accordance with the laws and administrative regulations on foreign investment of the State and on the strength of the approval document issued by the Ministry of Communications, go through the approval procedures for establishing a foreign-funded enterprise with the Ministry of Commerce by submitting the documents specified in Article 15 of these Provisions and obtain the Approval Certificate for Foreign-funded Enterprise.
The applicant shall, by presenting the approval document issued by the Ministry of Communications, the Approval Certificate for Foreign-funded Enterprise issued by the Ministry of Commerce and other relevant documents, go through the industrial and commercial registration formalities with the administrative department for industry and commerce according to law and obtain the business license.
After the establishment of a foreign-funded international shipping agency enterprise, the applicant shall, by presenting the business license issued by the administrative department for industry and commerce, apply to the Ministry of Communications for obtaining the Registration for Operation of International Shipping Agency Services. Only those that have obtained such Registration may engage international shipping agency services.
Article 9 A foreign-funded international ship management enterprise to be established shall meet the following conditions:
(1) having at least two senior executives with no less than three years’ experience in international maritime transportation business operations;
(2) having staff members in possession of master’s or chief engineer’s documents of competence that are commensurate with the types of vessels under their management and the navigation zones;
(3) having the equipment or facilities commensurate with the international ship management services.
Article 10 Where anyone is to establish a foreign-funded enterprise to engage in international ship management services, it shall firstly make an application to the Ministry of Communications in accordance with the provisions of the Maritime Transportation Regulations and the Implementing Rules of the Maritime Transportation Regulations; if such application is approved by the Ministry of Communications, the applicant shall, in accordance with the laws and administrative regulations on foreign investment of the State and on the strength of the approval document issued by the Ministry of Communications, go through the approval procedures for obtaining the Approval Certificate for Foreign-funded Enterprise with the competent commerce administration department of the people’s government of the province where such enterprise is to be located by submitting the documents specified in Article 15 of these Provisions.
After the establishment of a foreign-funded international ship management enterprise, the applicant shall, by presenting the business license issued by the administrative department for industry and commerce, apply to the competent communications administration department of the people’s government of the province where such enterprise is located for obtaining the Registration for Operation of Auxiliary Businesses Relating to International Maritime Transportation. Only those that have obtained such Registration may engage in international ship management services.
Article 11 Where anyone is to establish a foreign-funded enterprise to engage in international maritime container freight station and container yard services or international maritime cargo warehousing services, it shall firstly make an application to the Ministry of Communications in accordance with the provisions of the Maritime Transportation Regulations and the Implementing Rules of the Maritime Transportation Regulations; if such application is approved by the Ministry of Communications, the applicant shall, in accordance with the laws and administrative regulations on foreign investment of the State and on the strength of the approval document issued by the Ministry of Communications, go through the approval procedures for obtaining the Approval Certificate for Foreign-funded Enterprise with the competent commerce administration department of the people’s government of the province where such enterprise is to be located by submitting the documents specified in Article 15 of these Provisions.
After the establishment of a foreign-funded enterprise engaging in international maritime container freight station and container yard services or international maritime cargo warehousing services, the applicant shall, by presenting the business license issued by the administrative department for industry and commerce, apply to the competent communications administration department of the people’s government of the province where such enterprise is located for obtaining the Registration for Operation of Auxiliary Businesses Relating to International Maritime Transportation. Only those that have obtained such Registration may engage in the relevant services.
The establishment of a foreign-funded enterprise engaging in loading and unloading of international shipments shall be governed by the relevant provisions of the State.
Article 12 Where an established foreign-funded enterprise applies to add international maritime transportation business or the auxiliary business relating thereto to its business scope, it shall go through the corresponding formalities in accordance with the procedures for establishing a foreign-funded enterprise engaging in specific international maritime transportation businesses set forth in these Provisions.
Where an established foreign-funded enterprise engaging in international maritime transportation is to establish branches, it shall go through the corresponding formalities with the Ministry of Communications and the Ministry of Commerce or their authorized agencies in accordance with the laws and administrative regulations on foreign investment of the State, the Maritime Transportation Regulations and the Implementing Rules of the Maritime Transportation Regulations.
Where an established foreign-funded enterprise engaging in international maritime transportation is to modify the essential contents such as investment contribution, structure of the shares or scope of business of its contact of joint venture or articles of association, it shall go through the corresponding formalities with the Ministry of Commerce or its authorized agencies in accordance with the laws and administrative regulations on foreign investment of the State. Any modification to the matters specified in Article 21 of the Implementing Rules of the Maritime Transportation Regulations shall be filed with the Ministry of Communications for the record.
Article 13 A foreign company engaging in shipping may establish a Chinese-foreign equity joint venture, Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture or wholly foreign-owned enterprise to offer such routine services as canvassing of cargoes, issuance of bills of lading, settlement of freight and signing of service contracts for the vessels owned or operated by investors. The procedures for establishment application of such an enterprise shall be governed by the relevant provisions jointly issued by the Ministry of Communications and the Ministry of Commerce on approval of establishment of wholly foreign-owned shipping companies.
Article 14 Where a foreign-funded enterprise within the territory of China is to engage in non-vessel-operating services, it shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Maritime Transportation Regulations and the Implementing Rules of the Maritime Transportation Regulations, make an application to the Ministry of Communications for registration and obtaining the Registration of Non-vessel-operating Services Qualification, and go through the approval formalities with the Ministry of Commerce in accordance with the relevant laws and administrative regulations on foreign investment of the State.
Article 15 Where an applicant makes an application to the Ministry of Communications, it shall submit the documents specified in the Maritime Transportation Regulations and the Implementing Rules of the Maritime Transportation Regulations. Where an applicant makes an application to the Ministry of Commerce or its authorized agencies, he shall submit the following documents:
(1) the letter of application;
(2) the feasibility study report;
(3) the contract of the joint venture and the articles of association of the company (in case of a wholly foreign-owned company, the articles of association of the company only);
(4) the registration certificate and credit-standing certificate of investors;
(5) the identity certification of the chairperson of the board of directors and the general manager of the enterprise to be established;
(6) other documents required by laws or administrative regulations.
Article 16 These Provisions are mutatis mutandis applicable to the establishment of enterprises engaging in international maritime transportation and the auxiliary services relating thereto in other provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government by the investors form Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region or Taiwan region.
Article 17 In accordance with the relevant provisions of the Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement, the Mainland and Macao Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement and their Annexes, from January 1st, 2004, service suppliers from Hong Kong or Macao may established a wholly Hong Kong or Macao-owned enterprise in Chinese mainland to engage in international ship management services, international maritime cargo warehousing, international maritime container freight station and container yard services, and non-vessel-operating services; they may also establish a wholly Hong Kong or Macao-owned shipping company in Chinese mainland to offer such routine services as canvassing of cargoes, issuance of bills of lading, settlement of freight and signing of service contracts for their owned or operated vessels.
Article 18 The Ministry of Communications and the Ministry of Commerce are responsible for the interpretation of these Provisions.
Article 19 These Provisions shall take effect as of June 1st, 2004.
相关法律服务
杨春宝一级律师简介
杨春宝一级律师,大成上海高级合伙人、资本市场部主任、国资基金研究中心主任,大成中国区私募基金专业带头人、科技与文化法律研究中心联合牵头人。执业30余年,长期从事私募基金、投融资、并购重组法律服务,尤其对对赌研究颇深且具有非常丰富的实战经验,并专注于金融机构股权投资业务。2004年起多次入选The Legal 500"私募基金"和"公司与商业"等境内外各类律师榜单,代理的中国法院首例适用外国法律审理外国公司的董事损害小股东权益纠纷案入选上海高院发布的《上海法院域外法查明典型案例》和威科先行"要案头条"。入选上海涉外法律人才库、上海市司法局鼎新法治人才库、上海国有企业改制法律顾问团,具有上市公司独立董事任职资格,系多家知名高校的兼职教授或兼职研究生导师及上海市商务委跨国经营人才培训班讲师。出版《私募股权投资基金风险防控操作实务》等16本投融资法律专著。了解更多常见法律问题
外商投资国际海运有哪些准入形式?
一、法律概念与规则解释:根据规定,外国投资者投资国际海运及相关辅助业务,需经交通部与商务部批准。可采取的形式包括:设立中外合资经营企业或中外合作经营企业,从事国际船舶运输、国际船舶代理、国际船舶管理、国际海运货物装卸、国际海运集装箱站与堆场业务;设立合资、合作或外商独资企业,从事国际海运货物仓储业务;设立合资、合作或独资企业,为投资者自有或经营的船舶提供日常服务。不同业务对应不同企业类型,外资准入范围存在差异。二、案件事实与实务场景引用:规定明确,国际航运服务、国际船舶代理服务以及国际船舶管理服务,均须采用合资或合作企业形式,且外资持股比例不得超过49%。而国际海运货物仓储服务则允许外商独资,体现了对仓储领域更开放的准入态度。此外,从事常规船舶服务的企业也可由外资全资拥有,这为船东自有船队管理提供了便利通道。实务中,投资者需根据拟开展业务种类,先行判断是否属于限制类领域。三、实务指引与风险提示:设立外商投资国际海运企业,应当优先确认业务类型对应的企业形式与外资比例上限,避免因持股结构不合规导致审批受阻。合资或合作企业中,董事长与总经理须由中方委派,外方应提前考量管理权安排及决策机制。审批链条涉及交通部、商务部及市场监管部门,建议投资者按阶段准备申请材料,尤其注意交通部前置审批文件的有效使用,以免因程序瑕疵影响后续登记。
国际航运企业设立需满足哪些条件?
一、法律概念与规则解释:设立外资国际航运企业,需要满足法定实质条件,包括拥有适合从事国际海运的船舶,且其中必须有中国籍船舶;所用船舶须符合国家规定的海上交通安全技术标准;具备提单、客票或多式联运单据;配备具有交通部规定专业资格的高级管理人员。若以合资或合作形式设立,外资持股比例不得超过49%,并且董事会董事长和总经理应由中方在协商后指派。这些条件共同构成了外资进入国际航运市场的准入门槛。二、案件事实与实务场景引用:规定强调了船舶的中国国籍要求,这意味着外资企业不能仅靠悬挂外国旗的船队运营,而必须配置一定数量的中国籍船舶,以保障国家对航运资源的掌控。同时,高级管理人员的专业资格由交通部另行规定,实务中通常要求具备航运管理经验和技术职称。审批流程上,申请者须先向交通部申请,取得批准文件后,再向商务部提交设立外资企业申请,获得批准证书后办理工商登记,最终凭营业执照向交通部申领《国际船舶运输经营许可证》,未取得许可证不得从事国际船舶运输。三、实务指引与风险提示:投资者在筹备阶段,应先行落实中国籍船舶的购置或光租安排,确保船队结构符合要求,并严格检查船舶技术证书与安全标准。高级管理人员的选任须提前核验其资质是否满足交通部相关规定,避免因人员资历不足被驳回。审批环节中,交通部批准文件是后续商务审批的前置要件,企业应妥善保管并及时办理,注意许可与登记的时间衔接。同时,合资企业的中方管理权条款具有强制性,外方应在合资合同中明确利润分配与经营决策机制,通过章程细化董事长与总经理的职权边界,预防未来管理纠纷。
国际船舶代理企业设立的特殊要求有哪些?
一、法律概念与规则解释:国际船舶代理企业属于国际海运辅助业务,法律对其设立设定了特殊条件。除须具备固定经营场所和必要设施外,企业至少要拥有两名高级管理人员,且每位高管须具有三年以上国际海运业务运营经验。此处所指高级管理人员,是指具有中级或以上技术或学术职称、在企业中担任部门经理及以上职务的中国公民。同时,企业须具备与港口、海关等部门进行电子数据交换(EDI)的能力。若以合资或合作形式设立,外资持股比例同样不得超过49%。二、案件事实与实务场景引用:规定对高级管理人员的双重限定——既要求经验年限,又要求中国公民身份及职称职务标准,体现了对船舶代理行业专业性和安全性的审慎态度。EDI能力要求则反映了现代港口通关和物流信息化的现实需要,企业缺乏信息系统将难以满足运营条件。审批流程与国际航运企业类似,须先获得交通部批准,再向商务部申请外资企业批准证书,完成工商登记后,向交通部申领《国际船舶代理经营登记》,取得登记后方可开展代理业务。实务中,外资比例49%的限制与国际航运企业保持一致,表明该领域属于限制外商投资类。三、实务指引与风险提示:投资者在设立船舶代理企业时,应重点核查拟任高管是否满足中国公民、职称等级和经验年限的三重要求,并提前准备相关证明文件。经营场所与EDI系统的建设应在申请前落实,确保具备实质性运营能力。由于审批涉及多部门,建议企业建立项目推进时间表,合理预估交通部初审、商务部审批及工商登记所需周期。同时注意,取得代理登记后的运营中,企业应持续保持条件合规,如高管离职导致人数不足,可能面临整改或取消登记的风险,因此应建立高管梯队和人员储备机制。
以上内容仅供参考,不构成法律意见。如需专业法律服务,请联系杨春宝一级律师:chambers.yang@dentons.cn




